The organizing function of interaction roles in person perception.

"The present experiment attempted to explore the effects of 3 'induced inferential sets' on the perception and evaluation of 2 radically different stimulus persons via a bogus tape recording. The Ss were asked to assume 1 of 3 different roles in evaluating the actions of a prisoner of war who had apparently given aid to the enemy… . The results show consistent and dramatic differences in the way the 2 stimulus persons were perceived. The intentionally varied information was picked up equally well by all Ss, regardless of set. The induced sets determined, however, how this information was interpreted." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reversal response sets and the nature of person perception.

80 Ss, run individually, were required to make dichotomous trait judgments of previously scaled facial photographs on 3 different dimensions. The Experimental group was trained to make judgments which were the reverse of the norm value of each picture, thereby producing a reversal response set, while the Control group was trained to make norm consistent judgments. Only Ss manifesting awareness of the reinforcement contingency manifested learning. The results were taken as consistent with a mediational view of the perceptual process, and a new concept, a dispositional response, which has the capacity to operate on S-R probabilities at some point in the mediational process, was introduced to account for the present findings as well as others in perception demonstrating the influence of needs, attitudes, and emotions on perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

嵌套信息结构下的多级递阶诱导决策问题

本文基于2人2级stackelberg鼓励性对策下的广义平衡解的定义,引出决策可行区和可接受区的概念,推出广义平衡解存在的充分必要条件,并拓广到多人多级情形.总结和应用等价原则对多级递阶系统进行简约,在适当条件下,可将多级决策系统简化成单人决策问题.通过探讨广义平衡解的决策过程,揭示嵌套信息结构下可接受区的反嵌套关系,从而有助于理解和应用带鼓励性对策的多级递阶决策方法.     

Mental illness, predictability, and affective consequences as stimulus factors in person perception.

Before and after attempting to predict the behavior of a stimulus person (SP) in a choice situation, 64 Ss were asked to record their impressions of him on a trait rating scale. By design (a) the SP was presented as normal or mentally ill, (b) his behavior was predictable or unpredictable, and (c) errors of prediction were or were not signaled by a noxious buzzer. As predicted, evaluative judgments of the mentally ill SP did not vary as a function of predictability unless predictive failures were accompanied by unpleasant consequences, and unless the SP himself had control over the delivery of these consequences. Judgments of the normal SP were solely a function of his predictability, regardless of the consequences of predictive failure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence and reward in structured two-person interactions.

8 pairs of Ss were run in each of 4 different dyadic reward systems using a continuous response task. The 2 Ss within each pair were made interdependent in their rewards by imposing a functional relationship between the responses made by one S and the outcomes delivered to the other S, and vice versa. Each pair was given 100 consecutive trials. 3 influence responses were appended to the task for 4 of the 8 pairs in each reward system. These appended responses permitted an S to communicate a request to the other S concerning the latter's continuous response on the next trial. Results from systems with no communication confirm the predictions of reward stability based on a stochastic model. Without communication, 1 of the 4 systems stabilize; with communication, 2 systems stabilize. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

生态学原理在环境艺术设计中的应用

系统生态学强调人类系统与外部环境之间的和谐,系统结构和功能的耦合,过去、现在和未来发展的关联,以及天、地、人之间的融洽性。随着人类文明与自然文明的和谐发展,环境设计将更侧重于人性化与生态化的统一。"人塑造了空间,而后空间又塑造着人,影响着人的感觉和行为",这种观念更多的被人们所接受,而"生态环境"这个概念也渐渐被人们所认识。     

中文文本中外国人名与中国人名同步识别方法

根据中国人名和外国人名的构成特点产生潜在中国人名和外国人名，然后把它们作为节点词加入到句子的分词有向图中，利用上下文信息对有向图的边赋值．使有向图最短路径对应句子正确切分．在确定句子正确切分时识别出句子中的外国人名和中国人名，该方法可以避免由分词结果造成的人名不能被召回的现象，提高了人名识别的召回率．通过对真实语料的测试，在封闭测试中该方法对中国人名和外国人名识别的综合指标F值为97．30％．     

边界模板和局部统计相结合的中国人名识别

本文提出了一种基于篇章信息的中国人名识别算法。我们从标注语料中提取人名左右边界词语及人名用字频度作为系统知识源。识别过程是:首先利用带有频度的边界模板识别出可能的人名,并把识别结果扩散到整篇文章以召回数据稀疏导致的遗漏人名。然后应用上下文局部统计量及几条启发式规则对识别结果进行边界校正。该算法具有线性时间复杂度,大规模开放测试(针对1354篇新闻报道约304万字,含人名3.7万个)的正确率为94.52%,召回率为98.97%,效果非常令人满意。     

《刑法》关于正当防卫规定的不足及修改意见

分析了我国《刑法》有关正当防卫的规定,认为规定特殊防卫权是过分追求功利目标的表现,不能有效规制防卫过当行为。遵从宪法“国家尊重和保障人权”的精神和“尊重人的尊严和基本权利”这一国际法公认的原则,任何人都应该享有平等的正当防卫权。对《刑法》第20条提出了具体的修改意见。     

大学生创新创业教育的探索与实践

以优秀学生工作室为平台，坚持课内教学与课外辅导相结合，校内教学与社会实践相结合，个体创意与团队创新相结合，对大学生进行创新创业教育，实践表明这是高校实施创新创业教育、培养创新创业人才的一条有效途径。